High? and Low?Angle Normal Fault Activity in a Collisional Orogen: The Northeastern Granada Basin (Betic Cordillera)

Understanding active tectonics and seismicity in extensional settings requires the analysis of high-angle normal faults (HANFs) transfer deformation at depth. The debate surrounds role low-angle (LANFs) triggering high magnitude earthquakes. central Betic Cordillera is an seismic zone affected by NNW-SSE Eurasia-Nubia convergence orthogonal extension. present-day stress determined earthquake focal mechanisms reveals activity a NE-SW system shallowest 12 km Granada Basin. structure sedimentary infill, as derived geological field gravimetric techniques, suggests formation half-graben tilted to N-NE. Seismologic data suggest HANFs above 6–7 depth LANF around 6–12 depth, with related earthquakes up Mw 4.0 20° 30° fault dips. High-precision leveling lines highlight importance Fault system, average vertical displacement rates 0.35–1.1 mm/yr. These creep behavior surface increased upper crustal extension collisional accommodated top-to-the-WSW detachment westward motion rollback Gibraltar Arc gravitational collapse cordillera, framework shortening. This comprehensive study draws new scenario that advances understanding relationships between LANFs.